Diebetes Melitus

Obesity drug may help Type 2 diabetes

2006-10-27T13:45:00.000-07:00

Obesity drug may help Type 2 diabetes: "Obesity drug may help Type 2 diabetes
Last Updated: Friday, October 27, 2006 | 2:02 PM ET
CBC News

An experimental obesity drug also appears to help reduce the health risks from Type 2 diabetes, researchers say.

The Sanofi-Aventis drug rimonabant, also called Acomplia, reduced risk factors for heart disease in people with Type 2 diabetes compared with those taking a placebo, European researchers report in Friday's online issue of the medical journal The Lancet.

Diabetes is a leading cause of heart disease, kidney failure, blindness and amputation. It kills more than 40,000 people a year in Canada.

In Type 2 diabetes, weight gain, poor nutrition and lack of exercise reduce the ability of insulin manufactured by the body to control levels of glucose (blood sugar) properly, producing a condition called insulin resistance.

Prof. Andre Scheen of the University of Liege in Belgium and his team studied 1,047 overweight and obese people with diabetes who did not respond to standard treatments.

The participants, who lived in 11 countries in Europe and North and South America, were randomly assigned to take either 5 g or 20 mg of the drug daily or a placebo for one year.
To be continued.

Note: see the rest of the blog for diebetes millitus
"

The Lancet Publishes RIO-Diabetes Study[1]

2006-10-27T00:16:00.000-07:00

The Lancet Publishes RIO-Diabetes Study[1]

PRNewswire PARIS, France October 27

PARIS, France, October 27 /PRNewswire/ --

- Study Shows Rimonabant Significantly Improves Weight, Blood Sugar Levels and Other Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in People with Type 2 Diabetes

Sanofi-aventis announced today that the results of the RIO-Diabetes trial were posted on The Lancet online edition (publication in the print edition is expected shortly). The one-year trial showed that rimonabant 20 mg once daily significantly improved several cardiometabolic risk factors including weight, HbA1c (a measure of blood sugar control), HDL-cholesterol (good cholesterol) and triglycerides (fats in the blood), systolic blood pressure as well as waist circumference (a marker of intra-abdominal adiposity) in overweight / obese patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin or sulfonylurea. Importantly, over 50% of the improvements in HbA1c and HDL-cholesterol were independent of the weight loss achieved, suggesting a direct effect of rimonabant on these parameters.

"The RIO-Diabetes study showed that rimonabant 20 mg significantly improved weight, levels of blood sugar and other cardiometabolic risk factors important in the management of type 2 diabetes," said Professor André Scheen, Head of the Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Academic Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Belgium, principal investigator of the RIO-Diabetes study and a member of the RIO programme steering committee. "The improved blood sugar control plus weight loss achieved with rimonabant is very encouraging. Today, most medications for type 2 diabetes are associated with weight gain and it is difficult for people with diabetes to lose weight and keep it off."

Among all patients who entered the RIO-Diabetes study, patients on rimonabant 20 mg once daily achieved an HbA1c reduction of 0.6% versus an increase of 0.1% on placebo from a baseline value of 7.3% and 7.2% respectively (p<0.0001>8%), rimonabant 20 mg once daily achieved a reduction of 1.1%, compared with a reduction of 0.3% in the placebo group. Nearly 70% of patients treated with rimonabant 20 mg once daily lowered their HbA1c levels to below 7% as compared to only 48% of patients in the placebo arm (p<0.0001).>

"What is so significant about these findings is that rimonabant was able to reduce blood sugar levels in a patient population where further control or lowering is often difficult to attain. This is very important because for every 1% reduction in HbA1c there is an associated reduction of risk of 21% for any endpoint related to diabetes," said Professor Scheen.[5]

Patients treated with rimonabant 20 mg once daily benefited from a reduction in weight of 5.3 kg (11.7 lbs) versus 1.4 kg (3 lbs) for patients in the placebo group (p<0.001>

HDL-cholesterol and levels of triglycerides were significantly improved in patients treated with rimonabant 20 mg once daily throughout the one-year period. Among all patients who entered the study, HDL-cholesterol increased by 15.4% in the rimonabant 20 mg once daily group versus 7.1% in the placebo group (p<0.0001).>

Rimonabant is the first selective CB1 receptor blocker which helps to reduce overactivity of the newly characterized endocannabinoid system (ECS). CB1 receptors, which form part of the ECS are located centrally in the brain, and peripherally in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and the gastrointestinal tract. The ECS has been shown to play an important role in energy balance as well as being directly involved in fat and sugar metabolism.6 Peripherally, overactivation of the endocannabinoid system promotes fat accumulation at the level of adipose tissue and decreases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; this can lead to increased risk of development of insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. By blocking CB1 receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues, rimonabant results in a decrease in food intake, a loss of body weight, and direct improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, such as blood sugars, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.

The RIO-Diabetes study also assessed the safety and tolerability of rimonabant 20 mg once daily, 5 mg once daily and placebo, the results of which were consistent with the data from the entire RIO clinical trial programme which involved more than 6,600 patients. Side effects were mainly mild, transient, self-limiting and occurred early in the treatment period. The most frequent side effects included nausea (12.1% for rimonabant 20 mg once daily vs. 5.7% for placebo), dizziness (9.1% for rimonabant 20 mg once daily vs. 4.9% for placebo), diarrhoea (7.4% for rimonabant 20 mg once daily vs. 6.6% for placebo), vomiting (5.9% for rimonabant 20 mg once daily vs. 2.3% for placebo), self-reported hypoglycaemia (5.3% for rimonabant 20 mg once daily vs. 1.7% for placebo), fatigue (5.3% for rimonabant 20 mg once daily vs. 3.7% for placebo) and anxiety (5.0% for rimonabant 20 mg once daily vs. 2.6% for placebo). Discontinuation rates due to adverse events were consistent with those reported in other trials in the RIO programme (15% for rimonabant 20 mg once daily vs. 5% for placebo, p<0.005).>

Sanofi-aventis received an approvable letter for rimonabant from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in February 2006. In Europe, rimonabant, known as ACOMPLIA(R) is approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of obese patients (BMI equal or greater than 30kg/m2), or overweight patients (BMI>27kg/m2) with associated risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes or dyslipidaemia.

About the RIO-Diabetes Trial

RIO-Diabetes is a phase III, multinational, multi-centre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial which compared two fixed-dose regimens of rimonabant (5 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily) to placebo for a period of one year. The study was conducted in 1,047 people with type 2 diabetes at 159 centres in 11 countries. Study participants were male and female between 18 and 70 years of age and had a BMI of between 27 kg/m2 and 40 kg/m2. Additional criteria included an HbA1c level between 6.5% and 10% and a fasting blood glucose level between 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) and 14.9 mmol/L (270 mg/dL).

The objectives of the trial were to assess the efficacy and safety of rimonabant in patients with type 2 diabetes already being treated with either metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy. The study investigated the effect of rimonabant on HbA1c and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Safety and tolerability were also evaluated over the one-year treatment period.

The RIO-Diabetes trial is one of four phase III studies comprising the RIO programme, which assessed the efficacy and safety of rimonabant in cardiometabolic risk factor improvement and weight loss in over 6,600 overweight and obese patients studied worldwide. All four trials -- RIO-Diabetes, RIO-Lipids, RIO-Europe and RIO-North America -- in the phase III programme have been completed.

The results of the RIO-Diabetes trial were first presented at the Annual Scientific Session of the American Diabetes Association in June 2005.

About sanofi-aventis

Sanofi-aventis is the world's third largest pharmaceutical company, ranking number one in Europe. Backed by a world-class R&D organization, sanofi-aventis is developing leading positions in seven major therapeutic areas: cardiovascular, thrombosis, oncology, metabolic diseases, central nervous system, internal medicine, and vaccines. Sanofi-aventis is listed in Paris (EURONEXT: SAN) and in New York (NYSE: SNY).

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts. These statements include financial projections and estimates and their underlying assumptions, statements regarding plans, objectives and expectations with respect to future events, operations, products and services, and statements regarding future performance. Forward-looking statements are generally identified by the words "expects," "anticipates," "believes," "intends," "estimates," "plans" and similar expressions. Although sanofi-aventis' management believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, investors are cautioned that forward-looking information and statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond the control of sanofi-aventis, that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, the forward-looking information and statements. These risks and uncertainties include those discussed or identified in the public filings with the SEC and the AMF made by sanofi-aventis, including those listed under "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in sanofi-aventis' annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005. Other than as required by applicable law, sanofi-aventis does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information or statements.

References:

[1] Scheen et al. Effect and tolerability of rimonabant in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled study. The Lancet 2006. www.thelancet.com.

[2] Van Gaal et al. Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study. The Lancet 2005; 365: 1389-97.

[3] Despres J-P., Golay A., Sjostrom L, et al. Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. New Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2121-34.

[4] Pi-Sunyer, X et al. Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker, on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese patients RIO-North America: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 761-775.

[5] Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321:405-12.

[6] Di Marzo V, Matias I et al. Endocannabinoid control of food intake and energy balance. Nat Neurosci 2005; 8:585-9.

sanofi-aventis

Prisoner of Carbs

2006-10-18T01:01:00.000-07:00

I more than understand the carbohydrate roller coaster that
many of you may be experiencing. You hear that in order to
achieve successful weight loss you should cut
carbohydrates. On the flipside, some readings suggest
limiting carbohydrates, and still others say to eat more
carbohydrates! Does the carbohydrate mystery have you
completely confused?

You will be amazed to learn that you can eat carbohydrates
and still achieve desired weight loss. Before you can make
carbohydrates to work in your favor you need to understand
their position, so I will recap lightly on their
functioning role.  Function of Carbohydrates All
carbohydrates are broken down and are directed to the
bloodstream as blood sugar, also known as blood glucose.
When a large amount of carbohydrates, or refined
carbohydrates, are eaten the blood glucose level rises.
When this happens the pancreas expels insulin to remove
glucose from the blood and directs it to the muscles and
liver to be stored as glycogen (a starch stored in the
muscle) for later use.

The muscles and liver can only store a limited amount of
glycogen, and once those stores are full the rest is stored
as fat.  Consistently high insulin levels can result in fat
storage, water retention, and an insulin imbalance.

The consequences of an insulin imbalance are a rapid rise
and fall of blood glucose. Your blood is rapidly saturated
with glucose, followed by an immediate plummet, resulting
in carbohydrate cravings. If you eat more carbohydrates to
feed into the "craving" you start the cycle over.
Therefore, insulin can literally make you or break you in
your weight loss efforts. Gaining control can put you a
step ahead.

Excessive carbohydrate intake, wrong macro nutrient
combining, and poor nutrition choices can have an effect on
how insulin is managed in the body.  A high intake of
processed food and poor food combining can interfere with
insulin management.

Normally, carbohydrates are used as fuel, but when there is
an imbalance in how the body produces and manages insulin,
it can lead to fat storage rather than burned for energy.
If this condition persists, it can lead to a wide range of
illnesses and diseases such as type 2 diabetes. You will
literally be a prisoner of carbohydrates if you lose
control.
Remember that diebetes mellitus needs to be controlled and
what you eat is very important [Editor]
Signs of an Insulin Imbalance

Feeling sluggish

Weight gain

Carbohydrate cravings

Hypoglycemic conditions

Fatigue

Headaches

Irritability

Nervousness

Depression

Over time, the insulin imbalance can result in an insulin
resistant condition.  The pancreas begins expelling insulin
anytime food is eaten, causing a constant rise in blood
glucose, making weight loss extremely difficult.

Now the question is how to gain more control. The answer is
to correct insulin imbalances. Of course, genetics do play
a part. However, the main correction will come in
nutritional changes and a proper functioning thyroid, which
can also be corrected through proper nutrition.

One might think that the solution for correcting an insulin
imbalance is to restrict carbohydrates. Restricting
carbohydrates is a set up for disaster! Rather than
restriction, try management.

Steps to help control insulin levels Limit processed food
intake Eat more natural fibrous vegetables Eat natural
carbohydrates within reason Combine your carbohydrates with
a protein

Gaining control over carbohydrates is all in the right food
choices and food combining. Now go take control!

Prisoner of Carbs
Copyright (c) 2006 Karen Sessions
Note: Diebetes Mellitus is reffered to on other pages of this blog
----------------------------------------------------
Karen Sessions has been in the fitness industry since 1988.
She is a nationally qualified bodybuilder and holds two
personal training certifications. She has written 6 ebooks
on fitness and has helped hundreds of clients transform
their bodies.  http://www.theelitephysique.com

Coffee and type 2 Diebetes Mellitus

2006-10-16T13:07:00.000-07:00

One of the main health benefits of drinking coffee is the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Presently, there have been nine major cohort studies into the association of coffee consumption and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, of these two thirds found an inverse correlation between the disease and coffee consumption. One study, which was carried out in the Netherlands , reported that in people who drank seven cups of coffee per day the rate of Diabetes Mellitus is reduced by 50%. Interestingly, despite it having the image of being the healthier drink there is no correlation between the consumption of tea and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Coffee consumption and diabetis mellitus

One of the countries with the highest consumption of coffee is Finland ; many people in this country drink upwards of ten cups of coffee a day. It has been reported that woman who consume this quantity of coffee everyday have a 77% lower chance of developing diabetes than in Finish women who only drink 2 cups of coffee a day; for men there was a 55% lower chance of developing diabetes.

Interestingly, the inverse association between coffee consumption and the development of diabetes holds true for decaffeinated coffee; this strongly suggests that chemicals present in coffee other than caffeine may play a role in the prevention of the onset of the disease.

As there is no correlation between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes in American coffee drinkers, it is put forward that the filtering of coffee removes the chemical (s) that are required for the prevention of diabetes; Finnish people tend to drink boiled coffee.

One of the reasons that coffee may be responsible for the prevention of the onset of diabetes mellitus is that caffeine increases metabolic rates in people for up to a day following consumption, this may lead to weight loss in comparison to a non-coffee drinker; there is a very strong relation between type two diabetes and obesity.

Scientific reasoning for reduction of type 2 diabetes mellitus in coffee drinkers

It is thought that one of the biochemical reactions that may be responsible for the inverse relationship between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus may be the inhibition of Glucose-6-Phoshatase by chlorogenic acid. The terminal step in gluconeogenesis (the term used for the production of glucose in the body) is the hydrolysis of Glucose-6-Phosphatase to the single entities glucose and phosphate. This final step in the glucose pathway requires a couple of enzymes, one of which is a translocase protein; it has been scientifically proven that chlorogenic acid is able to act specifically to inhibit this protein and hence prevent the final steps of gluconeogenesis. In experiments in rats it has been shown that chlorogenic acid and other compounds that are found in coffee are able to slow down the absorption of glucose in the intestine; it is possible that this is one of the reasons for the reduction in type 2 diabetes found in coffee consumers. One of the additional substances in coffee that may help in prevention of the disease is magnesium, as, when present in large enough quantities his chemical element has been proven to decrease the likelihood of developing diabetes.

WHAT IS DIABETES MELLITUS?

2006-10-16T13:04:00.000-07:00

WHAT IS DIABETES MELLITUS?

Diebetes Mellitus is a common metabolic endocrinopathy resulting from absolute or relative deficiency of insuline and leading to metabolic disturbance of carbohdrate, fat and protein. The disease is frequently followed by water-electrolyte imbalance and acid-base disturbance. According to the age of the patients, clinical manifestations and requirements for insulin, diabetes can be divided into many types. In Acupuncture, this disease is defined as 'xiao ke' which means diabetes.

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

1. The characteristics of a typical case of diabetes mellitus are often polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and loss of body weight. Early or asymptomatic patients only show abnormal release of cortical hormone and insuline inside the body. The level of fasting blood sugar is elevated with abnormal glucose tolerance test. Symptomatic patients are frequently complicated by other symptoms of dermal, neural and endocrinous disorders, besides polyphogia, polyuria and loss of body weight.

2. The main complications and concomitant diseases of diabetes mellitus are diabetic ketoacidosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic renopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Cardiovascular complications are the chief causes of death.

3. Diabetes mellitus is classified into juvenile and adult types according to the clinical features. The age of onset of the juvenile type is young and has a tendency to inheritance. Blood sugar fluctuates widely and is quite sensitive to insulin. Threatment is difficult and it is often named insulin-depending diabetes or unstable diabetes. The age of onset of adult type is above 40. This type is relatively mild and can be controlled by dietary restriction or oral antidiabetics. Therefore it is also named non- insulin depending diabetes or stable diabetes.

4. Accessory examination

a) Fasting blood-glucose is higher than 130 mg. Blood glucose after meal is more than 160-180 mg. Urine is positive for glucose. If complicated by ketosis, urine is positive for ketone bodies.

b) Glucose tolerance test can be used to diagnose early or suspected cases and is the principle test in diagnosis.

c) New diagnostic techniques such as testing blood insuline levels are quite helpful in understanding the pathological changes of pancreas and in obtaining information concerning treatment.

Do remember that doctors are continually researching the causes of diabetes mellitus.

Editors Note: A diabetes diet mellitus plan will be published shortly

diet coke mentos

2006-10-15T21:42:00.000-07:00

diet coke mentos

Everybody is asking what are diet coke mentos. Supposedly they are to heap you diet.

So if you know what diet coke mentos are let us know!

Translated version of http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/end/vol11_1_00/end08100.htm

2006-10-15T01:04:00.000-07:00

Translated version of http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/end/vol11_1_00/end08100.htm

New criteria to classify diebetes mellitus

Lic. Eduardo Rode Goatherd, ¹ Dr Leonel Suárez Fonseca, ² Lic. Oscar Diaz ^Horta3 and Dr. Oscar Diaz ^Díaz4

The diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous syndrome that it has, like chronic common element, one hiperglucemia by an insulin deficiency or an insufficient effectiveness of their action.

The glucorregulación is a complex physiological process in which faults at different levels lead finally to one hiperglucemia. At the moment new knowledge are had accumulated where defects at level of cells, weaves have been identified or functions that are related to the expression of the disease. This has given rise to the appearance of new proposals to classify the diabetes mellitus. Recently, the Committee of Experts of the American Association of Diabetes (IT ACCEPTS) ¹ and of the World-wide Organization of Health (the WHO) ² has proposed a new classification that contemplates 4 groups:

Diabetes mellitus type 1.
Diabetes mellitus type 2.
Other specific types of diabetes.
Gestacional diabetes mellitus.

In the diabetes type 1 the forms of diabetes by destruction of the cell ß caused by immunological alterations or of unknown cause are included (idiopática). They describe as to diabetes type 2 those forms with predominant insulínica resistance and, possibly, insulin a relative secretion deficiency, in which it includes the cases whose cause is essentially desconocida.3

A third group is created, call “Other specific types of diabetes” where the cases are included whose basic defect is known and can be identified. Paradoxicalally, in this group are diabetics type 1 and type 2 of well-known causes. For example types of diabetes that have insulin deficit by destruction of the cells ß, although not of cause are included autoinmune, or cases of diabetes type 2 by resistance to the insulin, by known genetic defects.

The gestacional diabetes simply defines it by the fact to appear during the pregnancy; and it does not establish a etiológica entailment, nevertheless, in the present time knows his heterogeneity, as we see next. ^4-8

Frequency of different causes from hiperglucemia in cases grouped like “gestacional diabetes”

Genetic defects of the function of the cells ß

Frequencies

MODY1 (HNF4 to chromosome 20q) 2.0%

MODY 2 (glucoquinasa chromosome 7p) 3.0%

MODY3 (HNF1 to chromosome 12q) 15.0%

MODY 4 (IPF1 chromosome 13q) 0.0%

MODY 5 (HNF 1ß chromosome 17p) 2.0%

Mutations in mitocondrial DNA (3243) 8.3%

Diabetes type 1 1,7- 3.7%

Diabetes type 2 30.0%

The gestacional diabetes is in fact the waiting room of different types from diabetes, despite we preferred to maintain the one of independent form by its importance in the morbidity and infantile and maternal mortality.

The initial proposal of classification published by nosotros3 has been modified as we suggested next, and where it considers, not only the state of the secretion or insulínica action, but also the causes that originates it, including the existence or not of autoimmunity.

Nuevos criterios para clasificar la diebetes mellitus

2006-10-15T01:02:00.000-07:00

Nuevos criterios para clasificar la diebetes mellitus

Lic. Eduardo Cabrera Rode,¹ Dr. Leonel Suárez Fonseca,² Lic. Oscar Díaz Horta³y Dr. Oscar Díaz Díaz⁴

La diabetes mellitus es un síndrome heterogéneo que tiene, como elemento común, una hiperglucemia crónica por una deficiencia de insulina o una insuficiente efectividad de su acción.

La glucorregulación es un complejo proceso fisiológico en el que fallas a diferentes niveles conducen finalmente a una hiperglucemia. Actualmente se han acumulado nuevos conocimientos donde se han identificado defectos a nivel de células, tejidos o funciones que están relacionados con la expresión de la enfermedad. Esto ha dado lugar a la aparición de nuevas propuestas para clasificar la diabetes mellitus. Recientemente, el Comité de Expertos de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA)¹ y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)² han propuesto una nueva clasificación que contempla 4 grupos:

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1.
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Otros tipos específicos de diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus gestacional.

En la diabetes tipo 1 se incluyen las formas de diabetes por destrucción de la célula ß causada por alteraciones inmunológicas o de causa desconocida (idiopática). Se describen como diabetes tipo 2 aquellas formas con resistencia insulínica predominante y, eventualmente, una deficiencia relativa de secreción de insulina, en las cuales incluye los casos cuya causa es esencialmente desconocida.³

Se crea un tercer grupo, llamado "Otros tipos específicos de diabetes" donde se incluyen los casos cuyo defecto básico es conocido y puede ser identificado. Paradójicamente, en este grupo se encuentran diabéticos tipo 1 y tipo 2 de causas conocidas. Por ejemplo se incluyen tipos de diabetes que tienen déficit de insulina por destrucción de las células ß, aunque no de causa autoinmune, o casos de diabetes tipo 2 por resistencia a la insulina, por defectos genéticos conocidos.

La diabetes gestacional la definen simplemente por el hecho de aparecer du-rante el embarazo; y no establece una vinculación etiológica, sin embargo, en la actualidad se conoce su heterogeneidad, como veremos a continuación.^4-8

Frecuencia de diferentes causas de hiperglucemia en casos agrupados como "diabetes gestacional"

Defectos genéticos de la función de las células ß

Frecuencias

MODY1 (HNF4 a cromosoma 20q) 2,0 %

MODY 2 (glucoquinasa cromosoma 7p) 3,0 %

MODY3 (HNF1 a cromosoma 12q) 15,0 %

MODY 4 (IPF1 cromosoma 13q) 0,0 %

MODY 5 (HNF 1ß cromosoma 17p) 2,0 %

Mutaciones en el DNA mitocondrial (3243) 8,3 %

Diabetes tipo 1 1,7-3,7 %

Diabetes tipo 2 30,0 %

La diabetes gestacional es en realidad la antesala de diferentes tipos de diabetes, no obstante preferimos mantener la de forma independiente por su importancia en la morbilidad y la mortalidad infantil y materna.

La propuesta inicial de clasificación publicada por nosotros³ ha sido

Pranic Healing UK - Miracles by Doctors

2006-10-15T00:59:00.000-07:00

Pranic Healing UK - Miracles by Doctors: "Dr. Benny Atnil (Indonesia)
A Case of Diabetes Mellitus
Patient: Budi S. Age:31 years

His main complaints were physical fatigue and frequent urination.

The doctor's diagnosis indicated that he was suffering from Diebetes Mellitus. The laboratory examinations show his blood glucose was 490 and urin glucos . Apparently, both his parents had the same illness.

At the advice of his doctor, he was treated in the hospital with insulin injection for eight days. When he went home, his blood glucose was 224. Still he had to undergo a daily check-up at the doctor's private practice where he was given continuous medical treatment in addition to a strict diet.

Later on, feeling distressed with unbearable discomfort, he sought the advice of a friend who suggested him to try pranic healing. He was referred to me. After the first treatment, his blood glucos was substantially reduced to 175. During subsequent visits, it dropped further down to 138. His medication was gradually reduced until he gave it up completely.

After intensive treatment with pranic healling 3 times a week, his blood glucos is now 108. His physical and health conditions have increasingly improved. He is now free from Diabetes Mellitus which would otherwise tied him to a life-long medication and strict diet."

CID PITOMBO et al.: Visceral fat removal improves

2006-10-15T00:52:00.000-07:00

CID PITOMBO et al.: Visceral fat removal improves blood glucose levels (Journal of Endocrinology): "
Amelioration of diet-induced diabetes mellitus (diebetes mellitus on some websits)by removal of visceral fat
Cid Pitombo1,3, Eliana P. Ara�jo1, Cl�udio T. De Souza1, Jos� C. Pareja2 Bruno Geloneze1 and L�cio A. Velloso1
Departments of 1Internal Medicine and 2Surgery, State University of Campinas, and Department of 3Surgery, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Brazil

(Requests for offprints should be addressed to Licio A Velloso; Email lavelloso@fcm.unicamp.br)
Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of visceral fat removal upon glucose homeostasis, insulin signal transduction and serum adipokine levels in an animal model of diet induced obesity and diabetes mellitus (DIO).

Swiss mice were initially divided into two groups fed with regular rodent chow or with chow containing 24 g% saturated fat (DIO). DIO mice became obese and overtly diabetic after eight weeks. DIO mice were then divided into three groups: control; sham; and visceral (epididymal and perinephric) fat removal. All groups were submitted to evaluation of basal glucose and insulin levels and intra-peritoneal insulin tolerance test. Insulin signal transduction in muscle was evaluated by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot and serum adipokine levels were determined by ELISA.

DIO mice became diabetic (228 mg/dl vs. 115 mg/dl), hyperinulinemic (7.59 ng/ml vs. 3.15 ng/ml) and insulin resistant (Kitt 2.88 %/min vs. 4.97 %/min) as compared to control. Visceral fat removal partially reverted all parameters (147 mg/dl glucose; 3.82 ng/ml insulin; and 4.20 %/min Kitt). In addition, visceral fat removal completely reversed the impairment of insulin signal transduction through insulin receptor, IRS-1, IRS-2 and Akt in muscle. Finally, serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 were significantly increased while adiponectin levels were significantly reduced in DIO mice. After visceral fat removal the levels of adipokines returned to near-control levels.

The present study shows that removal of visceral fat improves insulin signal transduction and glucose homeostasis in an animal model of diet-induced obesity and diabetes mellitus and these metabolic and molecular outcomes are accompanied by the restoration of adipokine levels.

Journal of Endocrinology

Return to the list of Advance Abstracts
"

Long Term Care and Long Term Care Insurance? Your Chances and Your

2006-10-15T00:12:00.000-07:00

Clearly, you don't want to dwell on an image of you or your
spouse in a wheel chair or nursing home, but if you don't
plan ahead now for such eventualities, you could end up
with a crippling financial burden that can strip a family
of it's entire nest egg.

Funding for eventual long term care must be planned for far
in advance, and long term care insurance seems to be the
tool of choice. The alternatives really suck by
comparison, so it's time to get going to put your plan in
place while you still can.

Fact is, there is nearly a 50% chance that during
retirement, due to medical conditions or extended
longevity, a person will eventually end up requiring
24-hour skilled nursing care in a long term care facility.

Another astounding fact is that more than 40% of nursing
home residents are under age 65. In truth, at age 57, due
to advanced Multiple Sclerosis, I myself would be in a care
home if my wife would let me out of her sight.

And now let's look at the average length of facility care
plus the projected costs for that care

Long Term Care - It's Leading Causes & Average Lengths of
Nursing Home Stays ( from Financial Planning News ):

Alzheimer's: 96 months
Diabetes this includes Diebetes Mellitus: 48 months
Pulmonary: 36 months
Cancer: 36 months
Stroke: 21 months
Cardiac:16 months

What happens if you don't have long term care insurance,
but you do need this long term care?

Well, at room rates of $300.00 per day, if care costs
inflate at least 5% annually, then 10 years from now, the
average, Alzheimer's, long term care stay in a private room
could cost a family over $1,400,000.00+

Do you want your family to pay THAT out of savings? I
don't think so, and long term care insurance is clearly the
only sensible answer, but is long term care insurance too
expensive?

Long term care insurance can cost from under $100/mo. to
over $1000/month, so sure, at first insurance can seem
expensive, yet consider this:

At 5% annual compounded inflation, in 10 years, actual
real-life care costs could mount to well over anything you
might ever put into long term care insurance. Just do the
math.

The annual long term care insurance premium investment is
often less than the actual cost of just ONE MONTH in a care
situation.

One important factor to take into account is whether particular
illnesses are covered in the costs,
e.g. Alzheimer's,diebetes mellitus:heart problems,Cancer

NOTE: Recent industry articles indicate that long term care
insurance is such a valuable planning tool that financial
advisors may face legal action if they neglect to at least
recommend consideration of coverage. (Trusts & Estates
Magazine)

Long term care insurance may make good financial sense for
you and yours, and the early bird gets the worm, because
the lowest long term care insurance prices are locked in at
the younger ages and are designed to remain level
thereafter.

In any case, each policy is designed to custom fit your
circumstances, so you have to work with a trained long term
care insurance specialist in order to create the optimal
coverage plan. You'll want a multi-company broker who can
compare companies and policies to find the best long term
care insurance plan for your unique situation.
Copyright (c) 2006 Clay Cotton

This article has been amended and changed by the editor

----------------------------------------------------
Long term care insurance activist, Clay Cotton, writes for
http://www.PrepSmart.com - The Online Baby Boomers Decision
Assistance Center, where you get Free Long Term Care
Insurance advice, comparative rate quotes and personal
guidance, all at home while in your favorite pajamas and
bunny slippers. So cool!

Diebetes Mellitus - what it means to you

2006-10-14T23:29:00.000-07:00

According to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia gives the the following information relates to diebetes mellitus

Diebetes mellitus is a disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels). It is a metabolic disease that requires medical diagnosis, treatment and lifestyle changes. The World Health Organization recognizes three main forms of diabetes: type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes (or type 3, occurring during pregnancy)^[1], although these three "types" of diebetes are more accurately considered patterns of pancreatic failure rather than single diseases. Type 1 is due to autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing cells, while type 2 and gestational diabetes are due to insulin resistance by tissues.

For other information see on diebetes millutus see: diebetes
millitus